mechanical digital calculator

calculator Use in education

A student with the calculator.

In most developed countries, students use calculators for schoolwork. There was initially some opposition to the idea out of worry that the fundamental arithmetic abilities would suffer. There remains disagreement about the importance of being able to make calculations by hand as well as "in the head," while some courses restrict calculator usage until a certain amount of proficiency is achieved While others focus upon teaching estimation techniques and problem-solving.

There are other concerns--for example, that a pupil could utilize the calculator incorrectly however, they should believe that it was the result provided through the calculator. Teachers attempt to address this issue by encouraging the pupil to approximate the results manually, and then ensuring that it's in general agreement with it. calculatedresult. It is also possible for a child to type in -1 x -1 and obtain the correct answer 1 but without knowing the fundamentals involved. In this case, the calculator becomes a crutch rather than a tool for learning, and it could slow students when they are studying as they scrutinize even the most insignificant results using the calculator.

Other concerns related to usage

The error isn't just limited to schoolchildren. Anyone who uses a calculator can blindly depend on the calculator's output without double-checking the result--i.e. what the decimal point is placed. This problem was all but nonexistent in the era of pencil-and-paper calculations, as the process of determining the size of results was to be performed by the individual.

Some fractions such as 2/3 are not quite easy to display on a calculator display because they are usually rounded to 0.66666667. Additionally, certain fractions such as 0.14285714... can be difficult to identify in decimal form. In reality, this number is 1/7. Certain more advanced scientific calculators can calculate in vulgar fractions but the way to do it can be awkward.Basic calculator

Calculators vs. computing

One of the main differences between calculators and most computers is that calculators are only numeric tools however computers can make use of numbers to manipulate words, images or even sounds, like.

It is true that the market of calculators is extremely price-sensitive. usually, the customer is more concerned about the most expensive option with a specific feature set, but does not focus on speed (since speed is mostly limited by the speed at that the user presses the buttons). So, designers of calculators endeavor to reduce the amount of logic components within the chip, not the amount of clock cycles required for a calculation.

For example, instead of a hardware multiplier one could use a calculator could implement floating-point mathematics using code that is stored in memory, and then compute trigonometric calculations using the CORDIC algorithm since CORDIC does not need floating-point. In the same way, bit-serial logic designs are more commonly used in calculators while bit-parallel designs are the most popular on general-purpose computer systems. A bit-serial design lowers the complexity of a chip but requires more clock cycles.

Personal computers and personal digital assistants can carry out general calculations in many ways:

  • Numerous programs are available to do calculations, ranging from simple calculator emulators to advanced scientific calculators such as Microsoft Calculator, to advanced spreadsheet applications like Excel and OpenOffice.org Calc.
  • Computer algebra programs such as Mathematica, Maple, or Matlab can perform complicated calculations.
  • Client-side scripting can be used for calculation, e.g. by entering "javascript:alert(calculation written in Javascript)" in a web browser's address bar (as opposed to "http://website name"). These calculations can be embedded in a distinct Javascript and HTML file too.
  • Online calculators like The calculator feature of Google's Google search engine are able to perform calculations on the server side.

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